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Transformations and Applications of China's Renminbi RMB in Recent Decades

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The renminbi RMB, China's official currency, has seen significant transformations over recent decades. Initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 with a comprehensive economic reform and opening up strategy, this led to considerable changes in the nation's economic and financial systems.

In 1994, China introduced a flexible exchange rate system that tied it closely to the US dollar; this peg was then removed in 2005 allowing for the renminbi RMB becoming an international reserve currency. Since then, the Chinese currency has floated within a limited range compared to a basket of currencies including half US dollar, half euro and half yen.

The renminbi is often used interchangeably with 'Chinese yuan', though technically they represent different aspects of China's financial system. The yuan denotes the unit of RMB while the renminbi refers to the currency as a whole.

China has implemented a dual-currency system with the onshore yuan CNY and offshore yuan CNH. The CNH is utilized for international payments, whereas CNY is primarily used in domestic transactions.

Onshore yuan CNY comes with tighter capital movement restrictions compared to its offshore counterpart CNH. This can make it more difficult for foreign entities to trade or obtn large quantities of CNY domestically.

Despite these differences, the value of CNH relative to CNY generally remns closely aligned. The exchange rate between them may fluctuate slightly.

The RMB has appreciated by approximately 34 in nominal terms agnst USD from 2005 till mid-2013 due to China's focus on promoting consumption-based growth with a stronger renminbi domestically.

To safeguard businesses agnst currency fluctuations and manage their trading costs, organizations have several options including limit orders, forward contracts or non-binding exchange rate alerts.

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